What is modern architecture?

Modern architecture refers to the architectural style that emerged in the late 19th century and developed throughout the 20th century. It is characterized by a departure from traditional architectural forms, materials, and ornamentation, and a focus on functionalism, simplicity, and the use of modern materials and construction techniques.

Key characteristics of modern architecture include:

1. Functionalism: Modern architecture places a strong emphasis on the functionality and efficiency of buildings. Spaces are designed to serve their intended purpose with clarity and practicality.
2. Simplicity and Minimalism: Modern architecture embraces clean lines, simple geometries, and minimal ornamentation. It emphasizes simplicity and clarity of form, often favoring a less-is-more approach.
3. Open Floor Plans: Modern architecture often incorporates open floor plans that maximize space and flexibility. This allows for fluidity and interaction between different areas, accommodating modern lifestyles and changing needs.
4. Use of Modern Materials and Technology: Modern architecture embraces new materials and construction techniques made possible by advancements in technology. Steel, concrete, glass, and other industrial materials are commonly used, allowing for innovative structural designs and large expanses of glass.
5. Integration of Indoor and Outdoor Spaces: Modern architecture seeks to establish a connection between indoor and outdoor spaces. This is achieved through the use of large windows, open layouts, and the incorporation of outdoor areas, such as terraces or courtyards.
6. Expression of Structure: Modern architecture often emphasizes the expression of structural elements. Rather than concealing structural components, they are exposed and celebrated as part of the design aesthetic.
7. Emphasis on Light and Transparency: Modern architecture utilizes large windows and glass facades to maximize natural light and create a sense of transparency. This brings in views of the surrounding environment and blurs the boundaries between inside and outside.
8. Rejection of Historical Styles: Modern architecture breaks away from historical architectural styles and traditions. It seeks to create a new architectural language that is responsive to the needs and values of the modern era.

Prominent architects associated with modern architecture include Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Alvar Aalto, among others.

Modern architecture has had a profound impact on the built environment worldwide and continues to influence contemporary architectural practices. Its principles and aesthetics have shaped the design of residential, commercial, and institutional buildings, and have become an integral part of architectural discourse and education.